China's Century of Humiliation: The Opium Wars
By Piri ·
While China possessed the world's largest economy and most advanced bureaucracy in the 15th century, it missed the Industrial Revolution. Defeated in the Opium Wars launched by Britain in the 19th century to secure the opium trade, it entered a "century of humiliation"; manufacturing and technology production declined during the Qing Dynasty.
Chapters
- Reasons for China's Decline
- Supremacy of the Ming Dynasty
- China's Technological and Maritime Superiority
- Zheng He's Voyages and Withdrawal
- Pre-Industrial China and Europe
- The Road to the Opium Wars
- Opium Addiction and Economic Collapse
- First and Second Opium Wars
- The Role of Confucianism and Buddhism
- Ming Qing and Ottoman Similarities
- Lessons from Modern China
Adapted from CEM GURDENİZ.